基于心肺运动试验客观定量评估的个体化运动在高血压患者中的应用

目的探讨基于心肺运动试验(CPET)客观定量评估的个体化运动在高血压患者中的应用及对血压、血压变异性、脂代谢和脉搏波波形特征的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2019年6月济宁医学院教职工中的40例高血压患者,男23例,女17例,年龄(48.5±4.6)岁,年龄范围为40~58岁。采用随机数表法将患者随机分为常规组和CPET组,每组20例。常规组给予常规生活方式干预,CPET组在常规组的基础上给予基于CPET客观定量评估的个体化运动。观察两组患者干预前后静息血压、血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h收缩压标准差(24 hSSD)、24 h舒张压标准差(24 hDSD)、日间收缩压标准差(dSSD)、日间舒张压标准差(dDSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)、夜间舒张压标准差(nDSD)和桡动脉脉搏波切迹幅度。结果 CPET组干预后收缩压[(126.8±8.2)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)]和舒张压[(75.3±6.1)mmHg]水平均低于常规组[(132.1±6.2)mmHg、(79.7±6.4)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CPET组患者干预后LDL-C[(2.2±0.5)mmol/L]、总胆固醇[(4.8±0.6)mmol/L]、甘油三酯[(1.2±0.4)mmol/L]水平均显著低于常规组[(3.4±0.4)mmol/L、(5.3±0.7)mmol/L、(1.8±0.3)mmol/L],HDL-C[(1.5±0.2)mmol/L]高于常规组[(1.1±0.1)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CPET组干预后24 hSSD[(10.3±4.3)mmHg]、dSSD[(11.6±3.8)mmHg]、nSSD[(9.5±4.1)mmHg]、24 hDSD[(9.7±2.8)mmHg]、dDSD[(11.2±3.3)mmHg]、nDSD[(8.2±2.8)mmHg]水平低于常规组[(13.4±5.4)mmHg、(14.3±4.8)mmHg、(12.1±3.4)mmHg、(12.4±3.4)mmHg、(13.0±4.2)mmHg、(10.1±3.8)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CPET组干预后脉搏波切迹幅度高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于CPET客观定量评估的个体化运动用于高血压干预可改善患者的血压控制效果,降低血压变异性,改善脂代谢,增加脉搏波切迹幅度,改善血管弹性水平,具有临床推广价值。     

针对所有高血压患者进行原醛症筛查：势在必行

原发性醛固酮增多症(primary hyperaldosteronism,PA)占所有高血压患者的5％～10％.筛查为诊断PA的关键步骤.本文根据国内外最新证据,提出了目前筛查PA存在的一些主要问题,并给出建议,以期指导临床工作和提高PA检出率.     

Rapid diagnostic tests relying on antigen detection from stool as an efficient point of care testing strategy for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis? Evaluation of a new immunochromatographic duplex assay

Microscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites but is time-consuming and dependent on operator skills. Rapid diagnostic tests represent alternative methods but most evaluations have been conducted on a limited number of samples preventing their implementation in the clinical setting. We evaluated a new CE-IVD marked immunochromatographic assay (Crypto/Giardia K-SeT®, Coris Bioconcept) for the detection of G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in 2 phases (retrospective and prospective) on a set of 482 stool samples including rare Cryptosporidium species. Besides G. intestinalis, this test could represent a rapid and reliable alternative to the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis (sensitivity/specificity were 89.2%/99.3% and 86.7%/100% for G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium resp.), reducing diagnostic delays. Such strategy would also be time-saving by avoiding wet mount microscopy and concentrations steps, being particularly appropriate for laboratories having little expertise in microscopy or not able to implement molecular diagnostic methods.     

Prospective evaluation of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion on Mueller-Hinton rapid-SIR directly on blood cultures

Background

With the worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance, delivering antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results in a timely manner represents a major challenge. In cases of sepsis, rapid AST may facilitate early optimization of empiric antibiotic therapy. Disc diffusion is a well-standardized AST method, however 16 to 24?h are required to achieve an overall AST profile according to antimicrobial societies.

Two-minute walk tests demonstrate similar age-related gait differences as a six-minute walk test

BackgroundThe six-minute walk test (6MWT) is used within clinical and research settings to assess gait performance across a variety of conditions and populations. Commonly, the test is used to identify specific aspects of gait that affect functional mobility. With the advancement of new technologies such as wireless inertial sensors, it has become possible to collect reliable, sensitive, and objective measures of gait. While the 6MWT has been accepted and used for many years, a more concise, while still objective gait analysis would likely benefit clinicians, researchers and patients.Research QuestionDoes a concise 2-minute walk test (2MWT) provide similar information regarding gait performance and gait differences as the 6MWT in healthy young (YA) and older adults (OA)?MethodsA total of thirty-one participants (sixteen young adults and fifteen older adults) conducted a continuous 6MWT at their self-selected pace. All participants wore six wireless inertial sensors which were placed on each foot, at the lumbar, sternum, and on each wrist. Once completed the 6MWT data was spliced into three, distinct two-minute segments. Spliced data was analyzed and compared between groups and segments.ResultsResults demonstrate significant age-related differences in several gait metrics, primarily with older adults showing increased spatiotemporal variability. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the three, two-minute segments and the continuous 6MWT, with the exception of total number of strides completed.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that the 2MWT may provide a preferable alternative to assessing gait performance by reducing confounds such as fatigue while maintaining sensitivity of measuring gait performance. These improvements may be particularly beneficial when studying populations of advanced age or with neurological disorder.     

Prospective comparative study of intraoperative “Towel clip test” and “Vertical patella test” assessing lateral retinaculum tightness in patients undergoing TKA

BackgroundProper patellar tracking is one of the most important aspect of TKA to ensure good functional outcome. A patellar tracking problem noted intraoperatively serves as a warning sign and should prompt the surgeon to reassess position of each component. Various tests are there to assess lateral retinaculum tightness viz. "No thumb test", "Towel clip test". A new test "Vertical patella test" is described to assess lateral retinaculum tightness. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness, correlation and validity of two techniques.Materials & MethodsPatients >50 years of age and with diagnosis of Osteoarthritis knee having less than 30 varus and flexion deformity going in for primary TKA were selected with a sample size of 100 knees in a tertiary care centre. Revision cases or patients with flexion contracture more than 30, complex knee surgery; with pre existing patellar tilt were excluded from study.ResultsResults of both tests were found to correlate in 75% of case with sensitivity of 96.65% and specificity of 75.00%. Kappa came out to be 0.634 which shows good agreement of vertical patella test and towel clip test. Result was computed using excel and SPSS and was found to be significant with p value< 0.05. Lateral retinaculum release was done in 8 knees.ConclusionsVertical patella test correlates with towel clip test, is easy to perform and saves time. The limitation of our study was small sample size.     

Evaluation of dental trials comparing baseline differences using p values

Introduction: Significance testing for comparison of the baseline differences between the intervention arms has received a strong condemnation. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the baseline characteristics between intervention groups using significance tests in top ten impact factor dental journals.

Materials and methods: RCTs published in 10 high impact factor dental journals were searched in PubMed database. Literature search was limited to time duration of 5 years from September 2012 to August 2017.

Results: We analysed 521 RCTs after excluding 47 non-RCT articles from the total of 568 articles. Baseline demographic characteristics table was not reported in 45.9% of the RCTs and 26.2% of the RCTs did not report table of baseline clinical characteristics. In 38.9% of the studies, significance testing was employed to compare baseline differences between the intervention arms.

Conclusions: Many trials published in the reputed dental journals failed to follow the recommendations of CONSORT statement regarding reporting of baseline tables and avoiding comparison of baseline differences with significance test.     

Rapid diagnostic tests for determining dengue serostatus: a systematic review and key informant interviews

ObjectivesVaccination for dengue with the live attenuated tetravalent CYD-TDV vaccine (Dengvaxia®) is only recommended in individuals who have had prior dengue virus (DENV) infection. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for past DENV infection would offer a convenient method for pre-vaccination screening at point-of-care. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the performance of current dengue RDTs for determining dengue serostatus, using IgG antibodies against DENV as a marker of past infection.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from 2000 to 2018 to identify studies evaluating dengue RDTs in individuals with known or possible previous DENV infection. Study quality was evaluated using GRADE and QUADAS-2 criteria. Semi-structured interviews were also performed with available dengue RDT manufacturers.ResultsThe performance of four dengue IgG RDTs was determined in 3137 individuals across ten studies conducted in 13 countries, with serum used in most of the studies. No studies reported data for determining dengue serostatus, and limited data were available regarding cross-reactivity with other viruses. The majority of studies demonstrated sensitivities and specificities between 80% and 100% for dengue IgG detection in samples from secondary infection or convalescent time-points after recent infection.ConclusionsAlthough current dengue IgG RDTs have shown reasonable performance compared with laboratory-based tests in secondary infection, additional research is needed to determine how RDTs would perform in relevant populations targeted for vaccination. New RDTs or modifications to current RDTs are feasible and may optimize the performance of these tests for use in a pre-vaccination screening approach.